Theodoret of Cyrrhus

bishop|Cyrrhus
Theodoret of Cyrrhus (c. 393–c. 458) was one of the most important — and most controversial — theologians of the fifth-century Eastern church. As bishop of the small Syrian city of Cyrrhus, he was a major voice in the Christological controversies that convulsed the Eastern empire, siding with the Antiochene school against Cyril of Alexandria in debates over the nature of Christ that would ultimately split the church permanently. Condemned at the Second Council of Ephesus in 449 (the so-called 'Robber Council'), he was rehabilitated at Chalcedon in 451, though his legacy remained contested for centuries. His surviving letters — over 180 — are a vivid window into the theological politics of the Eastern church at its most intense. They document his friendships, his feuds, his appeals for help when deposed, and his tireless advocacy for what he saw as theological orthodoxy. Despite the high-stakes doctrinal warfare, Theodoret was also a devoted pastor: his letters describe building bridges, aqueducts, and public baths for Cyrrhus, and his genuine affection for his small, poor diocese comes through clearly. What makes Theodoret's letters historically significant is that they show the human side of the great Christological debates — the friendships strained, the careers destroyed, the real fear of exile and disgrace that accompanied theological disagreement in an age when emperors enforced doctrinal conformity. His voice is learned, passionate, and sometimes wounded — a man who believed deeply that he was right and could not understand why the world kept punishing him for it.
181
Letters sent
0
Letters received
181
Total letters
10
Correspondents

Top correspondents

All letters (181)

To an Unknown Correspondentc. 440

To an Unknown Correspondent.

theodoret cyrrhus #1
To Irenæusc. 440

This kind of comparison is, I think, actually forbidden by the divine Apostle.

theodoret cyrrhus #3
To Theonillac. 440

Had I heard earlier of the death of your most honorable husband, I would have written long before now.

theodoret cyrrhus #7
To Eugraphiac. 440

There is no need for me to call on the spells of the spirit to treat your grief once more.

theodoret cyrrhus #8
To an Anonymous Correspondentc. 440

To an Anonymous Correspondent.

theodoret cyrrhus #9
To learned Maximusc. 440

To the Learned Elias.

theodoret cyrrhus #10
To Flavianus of Constantinoplec. 440

The Creator and Governor of all the universe has made you a light to the world, and changed deep, moonless night...

theodoret cyrrhus #11
To Irenæusc. 440

Job — that famous fortress of unyielding resolve, that noble champion of goodness — was not shaken even by the...

theodoret cyrrhus #12
To Theodoret, of Cyrus, on Perseverance in Faithc. 440

I had heard of the island of Lesbos and of its cities — Mytilene, Methymna, and the rest — but I knew nothing of the...

theodoret cyrrhus #13
To Alexandrac. 440

If I had thought only of the size of the loss you have suffered, I would have needed consolation myself — not just...

theodoret cyrrhus #14
To Silvanus Primatec. 440

I know that my words of consolation come somewhat late.

theodoret cyrrhus #15
To Irenæusc. 440

There is nothing good in prospect, it seems.

theodoret cyrrhus #16
To deaconesses, daughters of Terentiusc. 440

To the Deaconess Casiana.

theodoret cyrrhus #17
To Neoptolemusc. 440

When I look at the divine law that calls husband and wife joined in marriage one flesh, I hardly know how to comfort...

theodoret cyrrhus #18
To Athanasius, Presbyterc. 440

To the Presbyter Basilius.

theodoret cyrrhus #19
To Athanasius, Presbyterc. 440

To the Presbyter Martyrius.

theodoret cyrrhus #20
To learned Maximusc. 440

To the Learned Eusebius.

theodoret cyrrhus #21
To Ulpianusc. 440

It is said that what is defective in human behavior can be corrected and improved by words.

theodoret cyrrhus #22
To Arigius, Patricianc. 440

To the Patrician Areobindas.

theodoret cyrrhus #23
To Andreas of Samosatac. 440

Your piety, nursling of the love of God, longs for my company — I am certain of it.

theodoret cyrrhus #24
To Aquilinus, and Archimandritec. 440

No one who has received the divine adoption mourns as an orphan, because no guardian care could be more powerful...

theodoret cyrrhus #27
To Jacobus, Presbyter and Monkc. 440

Those who have adorned the vigor of their youth with virtuous labor come happily to old age, gladdened by the memory...

theodoret cyrrhus #28
To Apellionc. 440

The sufferings of the people of Carthage would demand — and in their magnitude might exceed — the full power of...

theodoret cyrrhus #29
To Aerius Sophistc. 440

Now is the moment for your Academy to prove the value of all your discussions.

theodoret cyrrhus #30
To Domnus of Antiochc. 440

The knowledge that Your Magnificence abounds in the love of God encourages me to call upon your great and generous...

theodoret cyrrhus #31
To Theoctistusc. 440

I have received your letter with delight, not only because it came from a friend, but because it revealed the...

theodoret cyrrhus #32
To Stasimus, and Primatec. 440

The praises that are borne to us by the many who speak of you match what I already knew of your character.

theodoret cyrrhus #33
To Patriciusc. 440

The cares of this life press upon us from every side, and sometimes the weight seems almost more than flesh can bear.

theodoret cyrrhus #34
To Irenæusc. 440

Theodoret to Andreas, Bishop of Samosata.

theodoret cyrrhus #35
To Pompianus, of Emesac. 440

What I have long feared has now come to pass.

theodoret cyrrhus #36
To Salustius Governorc. 440

Theodoret, Festal Letter.

theodoret cyrrhus #37
To Firmusc. 440

Theodoret to Firmus, Bishop of Caesarea.

theodoret cyrrhus #38
To Eusebiusc. 440

The arrival of your letter was like a refreshing breeze in the heat of summer.

theodoret cyrrhus #39
To Theodorusc. 440

Your eloquence, which I have long admired from afar, has now been demonstrated to me afresh through your excellent...

theodoret cyrrhus #40
To Claudianusc. 440

The divine celebration [Easter or a major feast] has brought us its usual spiritual blessings, but the bitter fruits...

theodoret cyrrhus #41
To Constantiusc. 440

If no pressing need compelled me to write to your greatness, I might rightly be accused of presumption -- of failing...

theodoret cyrrhus #42
To Constantina Augustac. 440

To the Augusta Pulcheria [Pulcheria was the elder sister of Emperor Theodosius II and a powerful political figure in...

theodoret cyrrhus #43
To Arigius, Patricianc. 440

To the Patrician Senator,

theodoret cyrrhus #44
To Arigius, Patricianc. 440

To the Patrician Anatolius,

theodoret cyrrhus #45
To learned Maximusc. 440

To the learned Petrus,

theodoret cyrrhus #46
To Proclus, of Constantinoplec. 440

A year ago, thanks to your holiness, the distinguished Philip -- governor of our city -- was delivered from serious...

theodoret cyrrhus #47
To Eustathius, of Sebasteiac. 440

I gladly accept the accusation, though I have no trouble disproving it.

theodoret cyrrhus #48
To Damianus, of Sidonc. 440

It is the nature of mirrors to reflect the faces of those who look into them -- anyone who gazes at one sees his own...

theodoret cyrrhus #49
To Aquilinus, and Archimandritec. 440

To the Archimandrite Gerontius,

theodoret cyrrhus #50
To Athanasius, Presbyterc. 440

To the Presbyter Agapius,

theodoret cyrrhus #51
To Ibas, of Edessac. 440

To Ibas, Bishop of Edessa [one of the major cities of Roman Mesopotamia, modern Urfa in southeastern Turkey],

theodoret cyrrhus #52
To Sophronius, of Constantinac. 440

Since I know, beloved of God, how generous and bountiful your right hand is, I am placing a precious opportunity...

theodoret cyrrhus #53
To Libertinus, Præfectc. 440

To the Prefect Eutrechius,

theodoret cyrrhus #57
To Nomusc. 440

To the Consul Nomus,

theodoret cyrrhus #58
To Claudianusc. 440

Sincere friendships are neither dissolved by distance nor weakened by time.

theodoret cyrrhus #59
To Dioscorus, of Alexandriac. 440

To Dioscorus, Bishop of Alexandria [the patriarch of the most powerful see in the eastern church after Constantinople],

theodoret cyrrhus #60
To Athanasius, Presbyterc. 440

To the Presbyter Archibius,

theodoret cyrrhus #61
To Athanasius, Presbyterc. 440

To the Presbyter John,

theodoret cyrrhus #62
To Andronicus, a generalc. 440

To the General Zeno,

theodoret cyrrhus #65
To Aerius Sophistc. 440

She who bore you and raised you invites you to the long-awaited feast.

theodoret cyrrhus #66
To Maranasc. 440

It was really your task, my good sir, to summon the rest to the feast of the dedication as well.

theodoret cyrrhus #67
To Epiphaniusc. 440

I wanted to invite you to the feast of the holy apostles and prophets -- not only as a fellow citizen, but as one...

theodoret cyrrhus #68
To Eugraphiac. 440

Had I not been unavoidably detained, the moment I heard that your great and distinguished husband had fallen asleep...

theodoret cyrrhus #69
To Eustathius, of Sebasteiac. 440

The story of the noble Mary belongs in a tragedy.

theodoret cyrrhus #70
To Zeno, General andc. 440

Your courage has won universal admiration -- courage tempered by gentleness and meekness, showing kindness to your...

theodoret cyrrhus #71
To Hermesigenes Assessorc. 440

In the days when humanity was buried in the darkness of ignorance, different cities celebrated different festivals.

theodoret cyrrhus #72
To Apolloniusc. 440

Themistocles, son of Neocles -- that famous and admirable general -- is described by his admiring historian as...

theodoret cyrrhus #73
To Urbanusc. 440

Our generous Lord has granted us once again to enjoy the feast and to send your excellency the festal greeting.

theodoret cyrrhus #74
To Uranius, Governor of Cyprusc. 440

True friendship is strengthened by contact, but separation cannot sever it -- its bonds are too strong.

theodoret cyrrhus #76
To Eulalius, of Persian Armeniac. 440

I know that Satan has sought "to sift you as wheat" [Luke 22:31], and that the Lord has allowed it -- so that he...

theodoret cyrrhus #77
To Eusebius, Archbishop of Thessalonicac. 440

Whenever anything happens to the helmsman, the officer at the bow or the highest-ranking sailor takes his place --...

theodoret cyrrhus #78
To Anatolius, Constantinopolitanc. 440

To the Patrician Anatolius,

theodoret cyrrhus #79
To Eutrechiusc. 440

To the Prefect Eutrechius,

theodoret cyrrhus #80
To Nomusc. 440

To the Consul Nomus.

theodoret cyrrhus #81
To Eusebius, Archbishop of Thessalonicac. 440

I had hoped at this time to receive frequent letters from Your Holiness.

theodoret cyrrhus #82
To Dioscorusc. 440

Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus, to Dioscorus, Archbishop of Alexandria.

theodoret cyrrhus #83
To Basil of Caesareac. 440

The divine Paul names love as the chief of all goods, and commands that the children of the faith be nourished by it.

theodoret cyrrhus #85
To Flavianus of Constantinoplec. 440

I have been struck by many waves in this time, most beloved lord — but I have called on the great Pilot and have...

theodoret cyrrhus #86
To Domnus, of Apameac. 440

The law of brotherly love required that I should have received many letters from your godliness at this time.

theodoret cyrrhus #87
To Taurus Patricianc. 440

Slanderers have forced me past the bounds of moderation and compelled me to write to you — a man who has adorned the...

theodoret cyrrhus #88
To Florentiusc. 440

In writing to your Greatness I am overreaching myself — but the cause of my daring is not self-confidence; it is the...

theodoret cyrrhus #89
To Lupicinusc. 440

I have passed through the contests of my prime.

theodoret cyrrhus #90
To Eutrechiusc. 440

To the Prefect Eutrechius.

theodoret cyrrhus #91
To Anatolius, Constantinopolitanc. 440

The most holy lord Archbishop Domnus has arranged for the devout bishops to travel to the imperial city, to bring a...

theodoret cyrrhus #92
To Senator, Abbotc. 440

I hold an indelible memory of your Magnificence in my heart, and I greet you now through these most devout and holy...

theodoret cyrrhus #93
To Protogenes Præfectc. 440

The loving-kindness of the Lord has already given you an opportunity to carry out your good intentions.

theodoret cyrrhus #94
To Libertinus, Præfectc. 440

To the Prefect Antiochus.

theodoret cyrrhus #95
To Nomusc. 440

I have written to you two letters — three, I think — and received no reply.

theodoret cyrrhus #96
To Sporaciusc. 440

Your Excellency's letter has given me great delight.

theodoret cyrrhus #97
To Panchariusc. 440

We are distressed to see the tempest assailing the churches, but their Master and Ruler — through mighty billows —...

theodoret cyrrhus #98
To Claudianusc. 440

Although you have not yet met me in person, I believe your Excellency is already aware of the open slanders that...

theodoret cyrrhus #99
To Alexandrac. 440

I have recently received your Excellency's letter, and for the zeal you have shown on my behalf I give you my...

theodoret cyrrhus #100
To deaconesses, daughters of Terentiusc. 440

To the Deaconess Celarina,

theodoret cyrrhus #101
To Basiliusc. 440

There is nothing surprising in strangers who do not know me listening in silence to the slanders against me.

theodoret cyrrhus #102
To Apolloniusc. 440

To the Count Apollonius,

theodoret cyrrhus #103
To Flavianus, of Constantinoplec. 440

I have already informed your holiness in another letter how openly my accusers are slandering my teaching.

theodoret cyrrhus #104
To Eulogius, of Alexandriac. 440

We have heard from many quarters of your piety's efforts on behalf of true religion.

theodoret cyrrhus #105
To Abraham Œconomusc. 440

Through these godly bishops I greet you.

theodoret cyrrhus #106
To Athanasius, Presbyterc. 440

To the Presbyter Theodotus,

theodoret cyrrhus #107
To Acacius Presbyterc. 440

The promise of David's psalm is true indeed, for through him the Spirit of truth gave this assurance to believers:...

theodoret cyrrhus #108
To Eusebius, Archbishop of Thessalonicac. 440

Many are the plots secretly being hatched against me, and through me against the apostolic faith itself.

theodoret cyrrhus #109
To Domnus, of Apameac. 440

When I read your letter I remembered the blessed Susannah, who saw the wicked elders threatening her and, knowing...

theodoret cyrrhus #110
To Anatolius, Constantinopolitanc. 440

God will repay your excellency for the kindness you have shown me -- everything done for His sake carries its reward.

theodoret cyrrhus #111
To Domnus, of Apameac. 440

When I heard that the emperor's hostility had ended, that he and the godly bishop had been reconciled, the summons...

theodoret cyrrhus #112
To Leo, in Corsicac. 440

If Paul, the herald of truth, the trumpet of the Holy Spirit, hurried to the great Peter to bring back solutions for...

theodoret cyrrhus #113
To Andiberisc. 440

The reverend presbyter Peter is distinguished not only by his priestly rank but also by his skill as a physician.

theodoret cyrrhus #114
To Apellac. 440

When I first took charge of the see of Cyrrhus, I brought in practitioners of essential trades from every direction...

theodoret cyrrhus #115
To Renatusc. 440

We have heard of the warm and righteous zeal of your holiness -- the just and outspoken boldness you displayed in...

theodoret cyrrhus #116
To Florentiusc. 440

Truly the grace of our God and Savior has not yet abandoned the human race.

theodoret cyrrhus #117
To Archdeacon of Romec. 440

To the Archdeacon of Rome,

theodoret cyrrhus #118
To Anatolius, Constantinopolitanc. 440

Your excellency is fully aware of the acts of the "most righteous" judges at Ephesus.

theodoret cyrrhus #119
To Lupiciusc. 440

Even the enemies of the truth, I think, must be outraged at the injustice and illegality of the violence done to us.

theodoret cyrrhus #120
To Anatolius, Constantinopolitanc. 440

The Lord who watches over and governs all things has now demonstrated both the apostolic truth of my teaching and...

theodoret cyrrhus #121
To Uranius, Governor of Cyprusc. 440

I was delighted that we who are alike in character should now correspond by letter.

theodoret cyrrhus #122
To Uranius, Governor of Cyprusc. 440

To the Same,

theodoret cyrrhus #123
To learned Maximusc. 440

To the Learned Maranas,

theodoret cyrrhus #124
To Aphthonius, Theodoritus, Nonnus, Scylacius, Apthonius, and Joannes, Magistrates of Zeugmatensisc. 440

To the Magistrates of Zeugmatensis,

theodoret cyrrhus #125
To Sabinianusc. 440

I praised your holiness for leaving the see you were envied for.

theodoret cyrrhus #126
To Jobius, Presbyter and Archimandritec. 440

The patriarch Abraham won his victory in old age.

theodoret cyrrhus #127
To Candidus, Presbyterc. 440

I am afraid that the vigor of your godly spirit has been overcome by old age, and that you can no longer keep your...

theodoret cyrrhus #128
To Festus and Magnusc. 440

Sailors at night are cheered by the sight of harbor lights, and so are those of us in peril for the apostolic faith...

theodoret cyrrhus #129
To Timotheus Chorepiscopusc. 440

The supreme Ruler does not allow the forces of evil to stir up waves of impiety without purpose.

theodoret cyrrhus #130
To Longinus, Archimandrite of Dolichec. 440

You have demonstrated both your zeal for true religion and your love for your neighbor -- two things closely...

theodoret cyrrhus #131
To Ibas, of Edessac. 440

The Lord has taught those who suffer injustice not to be downcast but to rejoice, and to draw comfort from ancient...

theodoret cyrrhus #132
To John, of Germaniciac. 440

I have always known, my lord, that you have not forgotten our friendship.

theodoret cyrrhus #133
To Theoctistus, of Berœac. 440

Our Savior, Lawgiver, and Lord was once asked, "What is the first commandment?

theodoret cyrrhus #134
To Romulusc. 440

You have reminded me of the ancient story -- how the king of Syria, knowing the merciful reputation of the kings of...

theodoret cyrrhus #135
To Theodoret, of Cyrus, on Perseverance in Faithc. 440

I was deeply distressed to hear of the trouble that has fallen on you.

theodoret cyrrhus #136
To Aquilinus, and Archimandritec. 440

To the Archimandrite John,

theodoret cyrrhus #137
To Anatolius, Constantinopolitanc. 440

I have warmly welcomed the rest that has come my way, and I am enjoying its pleasant fruits.

theodoret cyrrhus #138
To Aspar, Consular and Patricianc. 440

To your excellency's many good deeds must be added this: that you informed our pious and most Christian emperor --...

theodoret cyrrhus #139
To Himerius, masterc. 440

To the Master Vincomalus,

theodoret cyrrhus #140
To Marcellus, Archimandrite of Acoemetæc. 440

Your holiness is made bright by your worthy life, which mirrors on earth the manner of the angels.

theodoret cyrrhus #141
To Marcellus of Dalmatiac. 440

To the Same,

theodoret cyrrhus #142
To Andrew, Monk of Constantinoplec. 440

I have never met your piety in person, and we have never exchanged letters.

theodoret cyrrhus #143
To Soldiersc. 440

To the Soldiers,

theodoret cyrrhus #144
To assessor in case of monksc. 440

To the Monks of Constantinople,

theodoret cyrrhus #145
To John of Jerusalemc. 440

Rest and a life free from cares are deeply welcome to me.

theodoret cyrrhus #146
To John, of Germaniciac. 440

I replied to your holiness's earlier letter as soon as I received it.

theodoret cyrrhus #147
To Posidoniusc. 440

This is not a letter by Theodoret but a brief editorial note indicating that Cyril of Alexandria's memorandum to...

theodoret cyrrhus #148
To Nestoriusc. 440

Another editorial note indicating that this position in the manuscript contained John of Antioch's letter to...

theodoret cyrrhus #149
To by John, Archbishop of Antioch and supporters through Palladius Magistrianusc. 440

I have been deeply distressed reading the anathemas you sent me and asked me to refute in writing, making their...

theodoret cyrrhus #150
To Monks of Euphratensis, Osrhoene, Syria, Phoenicia, and Ciliciac. 440

To the Monks of Euphratensis, Osrhoene, Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia,

theodoret cyrrhus #151
To Theodosius IIc. 440

Report of the Bishops of the East to the Emperor,

theodoret cyrrhus #152
To Empresses Pulcheria and Eudoxiac. 440

Report of the Bishops of the East to the Empresses Pulcheria and Eudoxia,

theodoret cyrrhus #153
To Senate of Constantinoplec. 440

A brief editorial note indicating this position in the collection contained a report to the Senate.

theodoret cyrrhus #154
To People of Constantinoplec. 440

A brief editorial note.

theodoret cyrrhus #156
To Theodosius IIc. 440

Report of the Council of the Eastern Bishops to the Emperor,

theodoret cyrrhus #157
To Theodosius IIc. 440

Report of the Bishops of the East to the Emperor,

theodoret cyrrhus #158
To The Prefect and the Masterc. 440

A brief editorial note indicating a letter was sent to these imperial officials.

theodoret cyrrhus #159
To The Governor and Scholasticusc. 440

A brief editorial note.

theodoret cyrrhus #160
To by John, Archbishop of Antioch and supporters through Palladius Magistrianusc. 440

A brief editorial note indicating a report was delivered to the emperor via an imperial courier.

theodoret cyrrhus #161
To Andreas, of Samosata, written from Ephesusc. 440

Writing from Ephesus, I greet your holiness.

theodoret cyrrhus #162
To Avitus of Viennec. 440

First Letter of the Eastern Commissioners from Chalcedon,

theodoret cyrrhus #163
To Avitus of Viennec. 440

Second Letter of the Eastern Commissioners from Chalcedon,

theodoret cyrrhus #164
To Avitus of Viennec. 440

Third Letter of the Eastern Commissioners from Chalcedon,

theodoret cyrrhus #165
To Theodosius IIc. 440

First Petition of the Eastern Commissioners to the Emperor,

theodoret cyrrhus #166
To Theodosius IIc. 440

Second Petition of the Eastern Commissioners to the Emperor,

theodoret cyrrhus #167
To Theodosius II (and imperial court)c. 440

Third Petition of the Eastern Commissioners to the Emperor,

theodoret cyrrhus #168
To Minervius and Alexanderc. 440

We have left no means untried -- courtesy, firmness, entreaty, eloquence -- before the most pious emperor and the...

theodoret cyrrhus #169
To Rufusc. 440

To our most godly and holy fellow minister Rufus,

theodoret cyrrhus #170
To John, of Germaniciac. 440

God, who governs all things in wisdom, who desires our unanimity and cares for the salvation of His people, has...

theodoret cyrrhus #171
To Nestoriusc. 440

Your holiness is, I think, well aware that I take no pleasure in social distinction, nor in the advantages of this...

theodoret cyrrhus #172
To Andreas, of Samosata, written from Ephesusc. 440

"God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you can bear, but with the temptation will also...

theodoret cyrrhus #173
To Himerius, masterc. 440

We wish to inform your holiness that after reading and frequently discussing the letter brought from Egypt [Cyril's...

theodoret cyrrhus #174
To Minervius and Alexanderc. 440

I have already informed your holiness that if the teaching of the most holy and venerable bishop, my lord Nestorius,...

theodoret cyrrhus #175
To Alexander, of Hierapolisc. 440

Your holiness should know that when I read the letter addressed to the emperor, I was deeply distressed.

theodoret cyrrhus #176
To Andreas, of Samosata, written from Ephesusc. 440

The illustrious Aristolaus has sent a magistrianus [imperial courier] from Egypt with a letter from Cyril in which...

theodoret cyrrhus #177
To Minervius and Alexanderc. 440

I believe that more than anyone else, the most holy and venerable bishop, my lord John [of Antioch], must have been...

theodoret cyrrhus #178
To John, of Germaniciac. 440

An editorial note indicating this position in the collection contained Cyril of Alexandria's letter to John of...

theodoret cyrrhus #179
To Domnusc. 440

On the Death of Cyril of Alexandria,

theodoret cyrrhus #180
To Abundius, of Comoc. 440

My dear lord and very holy brother, Theodoret sends greetings in the Lord.

theodoret cyrrhus #181