Romanus, Patrician, and Exarch of Italy

Romanus (d. 596/597) was the exarch of Italy — the emperor's representative in Ravenna and the highest civil and military authority in Byzantine Italy. He appears 12 times in this collection as a recipient of Pope Gregory the Great's letters, and the correspondence reveals a relationship that was often tense. Gregory and Romanus clashed repeatedly over the handling of the Lombard threat. Gregory, who dealt with the Lombards face-to-face in Rome, favored negotiation and peace; Romanus, representing imperial policy, pursued a harder line that Gregory saw as reckless and ineffective. Their exchanges are some of the sharpest in Gregory's entire corpus. The letters to Romanus matter because they reveal the tensions at the heart of Byzantine Italy — a pope who was becoming the de facto leader of Rome and an imperial official who resented it. The conflict between Gregory and the exarch foreshadowed the eventual break between Rome and Constantinople.
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Letters sent
35
Letters received
35
Total letters
3
Correspondents

Top correspondents

All letters (35)

From Pliny the Youngerc. 100

Not for many years have the Roman people seen so striking and even so memorable a spectacle as that provided by the...

pliny younger #2001
From Pliny the Youngerc. 104

You have missed being present at a wonderfully funny scene.

pliny younger #6015
From Pliny the Youngerc. 104

"Away with it all," cried Vulcan, "and cease the task you have begun.

pliny younger #6033
From Pliny the Youngerc. 107

Have you ever seen the spring at Clitumnus?

pliny younger #8008
From Pliny the Youngerc. 107

You tell me that you are building.

pliny younger #9007
From Pliny the Youngerc. 107

After a long delay I have received your letters, but the three came together.

pliny younger #9028
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 590

The case of Bishop Blandus has been dragging on in a way that is fair to no one.

gregory great #1030
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 590

Even though there were no immediate cause for writing to your Excellency, yet we ought to show solicitude for your health and safety so as to learn through frequent intercommunication what we desire to hear about you. Besides, it has come to our knowledge that Blandus, bishop of the city of Hortanum , has been detained now for a long time by you...

gregory great #1033
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 591

I have received troubling reports about abuses of the defensorship in Sicily — men who have arrogated to themselves...

gregory great #9022
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 591

The revenues and properties belonging to the Roman church from Syracuse, Catania, Agrigento, and Messana require...

gregory great #9029
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 592

Gregory to Romanus, Patrician, and Exarch of Italy. We believe that your Excellency is already aware of the death of Laurentius, bishop of the church of Mediolanum. And since, so far as we have learned from the report of the clergy, all have agreed in the election of our son Constantius, deacon of the same church, it was necessary for us, for ke...

gregory great #3031
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 592

I am asking you to convey a firm message to Leontius, the former consul: he is not to make any unilateral decisions...

gregory great #9046
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 595

The man Gaudiosus is destitute and without resources to support himself.

gregory great #9039
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 595

The estate property belonging to the Roman church that has been designated for the management of guardianships...

gregory great #9128
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 595

The management of the church's patrimony in Sicily requires constant attention, and I am writing to give you...

gregory great #10001
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 597

The men who bear this letter to you are from Histria [Istria] and are seeking their bishop, who I believe is...

gregory great #9150
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 597

The church's estates are to be leased annually, not given on long-term or permanent lease to any individual —...

gregory great #10064
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 597

Vitus has been appointed defender for his area of Sicily and is beginning his new responsibilities.

gregory great #11039
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 597

The borders of Faustus's property have been unjustly encroached on.

gregory great #11041
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 598

The financial accounting for Bonifatius needs to be completed, and Laurentius needs your assistance to accomplish this.

gregory great #11015
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 599

It has come to my attention that the priest Speciosus has been resisting his bishop, and that he may seek — or has...

gregory great #5024
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 599

Our care for the purpose before us prompts us to commit the looking after ecclesiastical interests to active persons. And so, since we have found you, Romanus, to have been a trusty and diligent guardian, we have thought fit to commit to your government from this present second indiction the patrimony of the holy Roman Church, which by the mercy...

gregory great #9018
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 599

Our son Theodosius, abbot of the Monastery founded by the late Patrician Liberius in Campania, is known to have intimated to us that the late illustrious lady Rustica about one and twenty years ago, in the will that she made, appointed in the first place Felix, her husband, to be her heir, and delegated to him the foundation of a Monastery in Si...

gregory great #9024
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 599

Although the law with reason allows not things that come into possession of the Church to be alienated, yet sometimes the strictness of the rule should be moderated, where regard to mercy invites to it, especially when there is so great a quantity that the giver is not burdened, and the poverty of the receiver is considerably relieved. And so, i...

gregory great #9026
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 599

It has come to our ears that certain men, having altogether too little discernment, desire us to become implicated in their risks, and wish to be so defended by ecclesiastical persons, that the ecclesiastical persons themselves may be bound by their guilt. Wherefore I admonish you by this present injunction, and through you our brother and fello...

gregory great #9027
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 599

Gregory to Romanus the guardian, Fantinus the guardian, Sabinus the subdeacon, Sergius the guardian, Boniface the guardian (a paribus ), and the six patroni. Since, even as cautious foresight knows how to block the way against faults, and to avoid what is hurtful, so neglect opens the way to excesses, and is wont to incur what ought to be guarde...

gregory great #9060
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 599

It has come to our ears that the tonsuratores in Sicily, with wicked presumption, take to themselves the name of defensores, and that they not only are of no utility for the interests of the Church, but also take occasion hence to commit many irregularities. Consequently we enjoin your Experience by this present authority to enquire diligently ...

gregory great #9062
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 599

The bearers of these presents, who came hither from the parts of Istria to find their bishop who is now living in the parts of Sicily, have asked us to speed them in their way, and we have arranged for their journey hence. Let, then, your Experience receive them, and arrange for their reaching their said bishop as soon as possible; lest, as they...

gregory great #9094
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 600

Gregory to Romanus, our guardian in Sicily. It has been reported to us that our most reverend brother the bishop Basilius is occupied in legal suits as though he were one of the last of the people, and unprofitably attends the courts. Now, since this thing both renders the man himself vile and does away with the reverence due to priests, let you...

gregory great #10010
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 601

I am writing to follow up on the instructions I gave you last November, in the second indiction, concerning the...

gregory great #9199
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 601

It has come to our knowledge that, if any one has a suit against any clerics, you cause these clerics to be brought before you for judgment, setting at nought their bishops. If this be so, seeing that it is evidently very unsuitable, we order you by this our authority that you presume not to do it any more. But, if any one should have a suit aga...

gregory great #11037
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 601

I am following up on my previous letter about the accounts of Bonifatius.

gregory great #12015
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 601

Brothers, I am writing to all three of you together because the tasks I need accomplished in Sicily require your...

gregory great #12037
From Gregory the Great (Wisigothic)c. 601

Romanus, I have instructions for you regarding the current state of the Sicilian patrimony.

gregory great #12042
From Pope Gregory the Greatc. 602

It is well known to your Experience that Peter, whom we have made a guardian (defensorem), is sprung from the estate belonging to our Church which is called Vitelas. And so, since we ought to show kindness towards him in such a way that nevertheless the Church may suffer no disadvantage, we command you by this order to charge him strictly not to...

gregory great #12025